That ingredients list full of numbers — INS 950, E211, 471 — isn't meant to be cryptic, it's a shorthand. Every additive has a code, every code has a meaning. This is the key: search any number, see what it is, what it does, and where it comes from.
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INS is the international code from the Codex Alimentarius (used across Asia, Australia and much of the world). E-numbers are the European Union's version — an "E" plus, almost always, the very same digits. If a label shows "INS 211" and another shows "E211", that is the identical additive: sodium benzoate.
A number on a label is not a warning sign. It simply means the additive has been assessed and assigned an identity. The detail is what matters — which is what the search below is for.
Each entry below is tagged with where the substance typically comes from. It won't always be printed on the pack — emulsifier 471 and enhancer 631, for instance, can be plant- or animal-derived — so the tag flags where it's worth checking.